What is a reliable method to determine if a deer is dead?

Poking a deer with a stick is not a reliable method to determine if a deer is dead. A more effective and safer approach involves observing the animal for signs of movement over an extended period, as well as taking note of its breathing and any other vital signs.

Checking for tracks around it, while informative about the animal's recent activity, does not indicate whether it is alive or dead. Observing the deer for movement allows a hunter to assess whether the animal is still alive—if it's been motionless for an extended period without signs of staggered breathing or a reflex response, it may indeed be deceased. Listening for sounds can help in understanding the surroundings or detecting other animals, but it does not provide information about the specific deer in question.

By patiently observing the deer, one can make a more informed and careful determination regarding its status without unnecessarily disturbing the scene or putting themselves at risk.